Biomedical Letters

Enhancement of protein contents of rice bran for animal feed by solid state fermentation

Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus 1, Muhammad Nadeem 2, Farzana Rashid 1*

1 Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

2 Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Laboratories Complex, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Abstract

The present study was conducted to focus on the output of single cell protein by solid state fermentation on rice bran. Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus has been used in this study for the fermentation of rice bran for the nutritional enhancement which then can be used for cattle feed. A number of parameters such as incubation temperature , moisture, substrate ratio, inoculums age, incubation period and inoculums size were studied to evaluate the improvement of single cell protein (SCP) production. Analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was applied to compare the replicate values. Results showed that the maximum crude protein was obtained when the inoculums size 10% (v/v) and 48 hours old culture was practiced. A fermentation period of 60 hours, the incubation temperature of 30�C and moisture level of 500 ml in growth medium was found to get maximum protein yield and viable count of yeast and mold. After complete optimization of fermentation parameters, a batch of rice bran fermented with Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus at optimized conditions, moved over a maximum crude protein yield, i.e., 33.14% as compared to 7.22% of unfermented rice bran. Significant values at optimized conditions revealed that there is a considerable improvement in nutritional contents of rice bran through solid state fermentation for animal feed.

Key words: Single cell protein; Candida utilis; Rhizopus oligosporus; solid state fermentation.

Received February 06, 2015 Revised March 01, 2015 Accepted March 31, 2015

*Correspondence: Dr Farzana Rashid Email: dr.farzanarashid@gmail.com