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ISSN 2410-955X - An International Biannual Journal
Impact of increased fluoride concentration in groundwater on human health: A review article
Fatima Kanwal, Haq Nawaz Abbasi*, Imran Nasir, Waqar Ahmed
Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Abstract
With increasing population and technological advancement, natural resources are in the process of depletion and deterioration. Fluoride is one of the common constituents of groundwater and sources of elevated concentration of fluoride include geological, geochemical and volcanic processes in groundwater, but several human-induced processes and practices also contribute to contaminating groundwater with fluoride. Millions of people are suffering from fluorosis around the world due to the intake of fluoride majorly from the consumption of fluoride-rich groundwater. Consuming water with high fluoride concentrations can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluoride concentrations are critical especially in developing countries, largely because of lack of awareness and treatment facilities. This review demonstrates the sources of fluoride, its health impacts and the current status of fluoride concentration in the groundwaters of Pakistan.
A R T I CL E I N F O
Received
October 22, 2019
Revised
November 19, 2019
Accepted
November 29, 2019
*Corresponding Author
Haq Nawaz Abbasi
E-mail
hn.abbasi@fuuast.edu.pk
Keywords
Fluoride
Pakistan
Groundwater
Contamination
Review article
2019 | Volume 5 | Issue 2