Science Letters

Prevalence of hernia in relation to various risk factors in Narowal, Pakistan

Muhammad Naeem Iqbal a,b,c*, Shamim Akhter c, Muhammad Irfan c

a College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083, China

b Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

c Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan

Abstract

Hernia is a common condition affecting both men and women since time immemorial. One hundred and ten cases of various types of hernia in hospitals of Narowal (Pakistan) had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hernia, and effects of various risk factors. The analysis showed that inguinal hernias were more prevalent (70%, n=77/110), then Para umbilical hernia (14.54%, n=16/110), umbilical hernia (8.18%, n=9/110) and incisional hernia (7.27%, n=8/110). About 21.80% cases reports were belonging to the age class 51-60 years with a higher incidence of inguinal hernia. Hernia is more prevalent in males (67.27%) as compared to females (32.72%). In relation to various risk factors, inguinal hernia was the most prevalent. The prevalence of hernia is dependent on risk factors and independent in different age groups (P<0.05). The mortality rate in the current sample due to hernia is 1.81%. All these factors contribute to the development of hernia, but only one of them may be responsible for its cause.

Keywords: Hernia, risk factors, human, prevalence.

Received August 15, 2013 Revised October 14, 2014 Published online first November 16, 2014

*Corresponding author Muhammad Naeem Iqbal Email driqbalnaeem@hotmail.com Phone +92-3328894212