Science Letters

Stem Cells, Scaffolds and Signaling Molecules as a Multidisciplinary Approach for Tissue Engineering

Faheem Hadi, Sana Javaid Awan*, Tahir Maqbool, Somia Shehzadi, Samra Javed, Komal Kiran

Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

Undifferentiated types of cells found in multicellular organisms are called stem cells, having characteristic to differentiate into a range of different types of adult cells. These basic cells have the ability to self-renew them without any limit and are also considered as multipotent. These two main features make them potent for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Differentiation of these potent cells depends upon various factors, including physical, chemical and biological cues. The fate of stem cells can be controlled by the deliberate regulation of the interaction between stem cells and their microorganisms. Cell differentiation is known to be greatly influenced by the surrounding environment, such as a composite scaffold system along with naturally occurring matrix containing a synthetic polymer, providing a microenvironment for differentiation. In this review, we present an introduction to the biomaterials used in the gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering. Biomaterials which are under clinical trials have also been discussed in this review. Tissue engineering stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules are three essential elements provides an effective outcome in preclinical animal studies.

A R T I C L E I N F O

Received

May 12, 2018

Accepted

September 12, 2018

Published

December 30, 2018

*Corresponding Author

Sana Javaid Awan

E-mail

sana.javaid@imbb.uol.edu.pk

Phone

+92-3224866719

Keywords

Stem cells

Scaffolds

Mesenchymal stem cells

Endothelial colony forming Cells

Nacre