Biomedical Letters

Association of Alu-repeat Polymorphism and Myocardial Infarction in Pakistani Population

Farkhanda Yasmin 1, 2*, Majeeda Rasheed 3, Saima Suleman 4, Maryam Arif 5, Waqas Farooq 6, Saghir Hussain 2, Jallat Khan 2, Habib Ali 3

1 National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

2 Department of Biosciences Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Science and Technology, Raheem Yar Khan, Pakistan.

3 Department of life sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Science and Technology, Raheem Yar Khan, Pakistan.

4 Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Pakistan.

5 Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.

6 Department of Biotechnology, Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Abstract

Polymorphism of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA), gene-induced myocardial infarction (MI) is not well-defined in patients suffering from high blood pressure. Plasminogen activator generates the active enzyme by limited proteolysis of zymogen plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin then degrades the fibrin network of a clot to form soluble product in thrombi. This action of t-PA can be suppressed by plasminogen activator inhibitor type1(PAI-1). This study determined the potential insertion/deletion of polymorphism that may contribute to the development of MI in Pakistani population. The study analyzed blood samples originating from three hundred and fifty patients with MI, two hundred and fifty healthy individuals as controls, and hundred hypertensive study subjects. The genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of each individual, and a Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to study polymorphism of Tissue plasminogen Activator (t-PA) gene. The Chi-square method was used to reveal the demographic differences among the groups. Cholesterol's higher levels, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and lower HDL-cholesterol levels had been investigated in cases/patients in contrast with controls. In some cases, the input allele frequency ("I") is higher with MI (p = 0.0354). Diabetes, high blood pressure, family history, and smoking had a strong association with MI (p<0.01). No significant association between myocardial infarction and Insertion/Deletion (I/D) and Deletion/Deletion (D/D) polymorphism of t-PA gene, significant association found between Insertion/Insertion(I/I) and MI, which supports the results of previous MI studies.