Prospects of Vaccination Against COVID-19 and Road to DNA-based Vaccine: A Review

Biomedical Sciences | Review article | https://doi.org/10.47262/SL/10.1.132020013

Syed Muhammad Raza 1*, Syeda Kainat Fatima 1, Tehreem Sajjad 1, Shams-ul-Haq 1, Wajahat Masood 1, Ibrar Ahmad 1, Samina Amjad 2

1 Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2 Faculty of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, Department of Wildlife Management, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Abstract

Covid-19 made the countries develop and adopt significant measures to control the spread of disease. For this purpose, firstly countries ordered the public to follow precautions, like, wearing a mask, sanitizer usage, and home quarantine. Then, countries endeavor for the preparation of vaccination started to not only stop the spread but to control and end the coronavirus. These efforts of vaccination started giving benefits in late 2020 and by the end of February 2021, many vaccines were approved conditionally and ready to use, while more were on the way to approval. Apparent from this, there is a great possibility that more clinically proven vaccines will be available on the market in the coming few years. Now, when there is the solution, "The Vaccine", the main point is how to meet the need for the vaccine on a global scale and capital generation for the purchase of vaccine. Till so far, mRNA vaccines are market-available, while DNA-type vaccines are under improvement, being experimented and tested. Because DNA vaccines usually only encode one protein from a pathogen; those may not be as effective if individuals need to mount an immune response to numerous proteins to gain protection, but this can be achieved by combining multiple vaccines. While mRNA vaccines guide the immune system to make a protein that will trigger an immune response without using a live virus and generate longer immunity.