Assessment of Lead in Urine Samples Among Undergraduate University Students

Environmental Sciences | Research article | https://doi.org/10.47262/SL/14.2.132026170

Adeniran Michael Olayemi 1*, James Grace Abo 2, Mobolaji Abdulateef Ayoola 4, Simon Shekinahglory Oseaty 6, Ajogi Donken Ikwe 7, Kolawole Victor Olumayowa 5, Yusuf Idris 1, Tiyeyosibina Oluwasibina Jegede 3, Adeniran Lateef Ariyo 1, Onakpa Monday Michael 3

1 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

2 Nigeria Defense Academy, Afaka, Nigeria

3 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

4 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

6 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria

7 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental pollutant with serious health consequences, especially in developing countries. To assess potential exposure concerns, this study measured lead levels in urine samples collected from undergraduate students at the University of Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 consenting undergraduates drawn from five faculties using simple random sampling. Spot urine samples were obtained and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, while a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and environmental exposure information. Results indicated that 5.8% of respondents had high urinary Pb levels (≥10 μg/dL), 49.3% had detectable levels below this threshold, and 44.9% had no detectable Pb. A significant relationship was found between place of residence and urine lead concentration. Students residing near high-traffic and industrial areas had higher Pb levels. The findings highlight the importance of continual environmental monitoring, health education, and public health interventions to reduce heavy metal exposure among university students.