Evaluation of hematological profile variations in pregnant women: An indicator of early pregnancy loss

Research article | https://doi.org/10.47262/BL/11.2.20250417

Muhammad Sohail Hanif 1, Rimsha 1, Muhammad Muzammil 2, Muhammad Faizan Munawer 3*

1 Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Lahore Campus, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

2 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan

3 State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China

Abstract

Pregnancy is a physiological state characterized by significant systemic and hematological changes that are necessary to support fetal development. While these changes are typically adaptive, they can sometimes lead to complications or become markers of underlying issues, especially following miscarriage. This study aimed to evaluate and compare hematological parameters in pregnant women and women who experienced miscarriage, to better understand physiological changes and potential deviations. An experimental study was conducted involving 100 females aged 18-42 years, divided into two groups: Group I (50 pregnant women) and Group II (50 women post-miscarriage). Blood samples were examined to assess the complete blood count (CBC) and hematological indices including Hemoglobin (Hb), counts of red and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and differential leukocyte count. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in Hb and RBC counts post-miscarriage (p<0.05), whereas WBC levels were notably elevated (p<0.03). Variability in MCV, MCH, and MCHC values was observed (p<0.05). Neutrophil counts increased significantly, while platelet counts, monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes showed marked reductions (p<0.02). This study highlights distinct hematological changes during pregnancy and after miscarriage. Regular monitoring of hematological parameters is essential during pregnancy for early detection of abnormalities. Nutritional support and clinical follow-up are recommended to ensure maternal health and fetal development.