Biomedical Letters

Adaptive evolutionary analyses of the COVID-19 pandemic in twelve most affected countries

Muhammad Sajid 1, Muhammad Ahsan Shahzad 1, Asad Murtaza 2, Hamid Mukhtar 3, Summar Sohail 4, Abouzar Shahid 5, Iqra Sabir 1, Nabila Bano 1, Muhammad Sajid 1*

1 Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

2 International Degree Program of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

3 School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan

4 Department of Forestry, Kohsar University Murree, Pakistan

5 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Abstract

Viruses are detrimental to the population from time to time. Nevertheless, COVID-19 is the recent pandemic that affects almost all the countries of the world. September 2021, more than 4.5 million deaths are registered in the world as per latest report by the World Health Organization. The origin of coronavirus from animals has been discussed in this study. Twelve different SARSCoV-II genomes against five Middle East Respiratory Syndromes (MERS) genomes have been analyzed. In silico approaches have been utilized to analyze the phylogenetic history of SARS-CoV-II from different countries. The genomes of many countries are closely associated with the phylogenetic analysis. The results indicate twelve complete genome studies of representative SARS CoVs, MERS CoVs, and human SARS CoV-II, the genome was found to be the most comparable to the recent novel human SARS CoV-II genomes.